> There is 2 available drivers that will load your implementations. The `plugin` driver is for Go programmers, the `generic` one is for any language (it uses standard input and output).
| configuration driven | Avoid information duplication. Automate anything that can be automated without losing control. Have *one* configuration that summarizes the whole API, its behavior and its automation flow. |
The library should now be available locally as `git.xdrm.io/go/aicra` your imports. Moreover, the **project compiler** have been installed as the `aicra` command.
> The executable `aicra` will be placed into your `$GOPATH/bin` folder, if added to your environment PATH it should be available as a standalone command in your terminal. If not, you can simply run `$GOPATH/bin/aicra` to use the command or create a symbolic link into `/usr/local/bin` for instance.
The `aicra.json` configuration file defines where are located your controllers, type checkers, and middle-wares ; also it contains what driver you want to use, you have 2 choices :
In this example we have the controllers inside the `controller` folder, the middle-wares in the `middleware` folder and custom type checkers inside the `checker` folder, we want to load the built-in type checkers and are using the `plugin` driver. Also our project root is the relative current path `.` ; note that it is better using an absolute path as your project root.
The whole project behavior is described inside the `api.json` file. For a better understanding of the format, take a look at this working [template](https://git.xdrm.io/example/aicra/src/master/api.json). This file defines :
| `info` | A short human-readable description of what the method does | `create a new user` |
| `scope` | A 2-dimensional array of permissions. The first dimension can be translated to a **or** operator, the second dimension as a **and**. It allows you to combine permissions in complex ways. | `[["A", "B"], ["C", "D"]]` can be translated to : this method needs users to have permissions (A **and** B) **or** (C **and** D) |
| `in` | The list of arguments that the clients will have to provide. See [here](#input-arguments) for details. | |
| `out` | The list of output data that will be returned by your controllers. It has the same syntax as the `in` field but is only use for readability purpose and documentation. | |
##### Input Arguments
###### 1. Input types
Input arguments defines what data from the HTTP request the method needs. Aicra is able to extract 3 types of data :
- **URI** - Slash-separated strings right after the resource URI. For instance, if your controller is bound to the `/user` URI, you can use the *URI slot* right after to send the user ID ; Now a client can send requests to the URI `/user/:id` where `:id` is a number sent by the client. This kind of input cannot be extracted by name, but rather by index in the URL (_begins at 0_).
- **Query** - data formatted at the end of the URL following the standard [HTTP Query](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.4) syntax.
- **URL encoded** - data send inside the body of the request but following the [HTTP Query](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.4) syntax.
- **Multipart** - data send inside the body of the request with a dedicated [format](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2388#section-3). This format is not very lightweight but allows you to receive data as well as files.
- **JSON** - data send inside the body as a json object ; each key being a variable name, each value its content. Note that the HTTP header '**Content-Type**' must be set to `application/json` for the API to use it.
###### 2. Global Format
The `in` field in each method contains as list of arguments where the key is the argument name, and the value defines how to manage the variable.
> Variable names must be <u>prefixed</u> when requesting **URI** or **Query** input types.
>
> - The first **URI** data has to be named `URL#0`, the second one `URL#1` and so on...
> - The variable named `somevar` in the **Query** has to be named `GET@somvar` in the configuration.
**Example**
In this example we want 3 arguments :
- the 1^st^ one is send at the end of the URI and is a number compliant with the `int` type checker (else the controller will not be run). It is renamed `uri-param`, this new name will be sent to the controller.
- the 2^nd^ one is send in the query (_e.g. [http://host/uri?get-var=value](http://host/uri?get-var=value)_). It must be a valid `int` or not given at all (the `?` at the beginning of the type tells that the argument is **optional**) ; it will be named `get-param`.
- the 3^rd^ can be send with a **JSON** body, in **multipart** or **URL encoded** it makes no difference and only give clients a choice over the technology to use. If not renamed, the variable will be given to the controller with the name `multipart-var`.
```json
"in": {
// arg 1
"URL#0": {
"info": "some integer in the URI",
"type": "int",
"name": "uri-param"
},
// arg 2
"GET@get-var": {
"info": "some Query OPTIONAL variable",
"type": "?int",
"name": "get-param"
},
"multipart-var": { /* ... */ }
}
```
###### Example
In this example you can see a pretty basic user/article REST API definition. The API let's you fetch, create, edit, and delete users and do the same for their articles. Users actions will be available at the uri `/user`, and `/article` for articles.
Controllers implement `Get`, `Post`, `Put`, and `Delete` methods, and have access to special variables surrounded by underscores :
-`_HTTP_METHOD_` the request's HTTP method in uppercase
-`_SCOPE_` the scope filled by middlewares
-`_AUTHORIZATION_` the request's **Authorization** header
Also special variables found in the return data are processed with special actions :
-`_REDIRECT_` will redirect to the URL contained in the variable
###### Plugin driver
For each route, you'll have to place your implementation into the `controller` folder (according to the *aicra.json* configuration) following the naming convention : add `/main.go` at the end of the route.
Each controller must implement the `git.xdrm.io/go/aicra/driver.Controller` interface. In addition you must declare the function `func Export() Controller` to allow dynamic loading of your controller.
In order for your project to manage authentication, the best solution is to create middlewares, there are programs that updates a *Scope* (*i.e. a list of strings*) according to internal or persistent (*i.e.* database) information and the actual http request. They are all run before each request is forwarded to your controller. The scope are used to match the `scope` field in the configuration file and automatically block non-authenticated requests. Scopes can also be used for implementation-specific behavior such as _CSRF_ management. Controllers have access to the scope through the variable `_SCOPE_`.
Each middleware must implement the `git.xdrm.io/go/aicra/driver.Middleware` interface. In addition you must declare the function `func Export() Middleware` to allow dynamic loading of your middleware.
In your configuration you will have to use built-in types (*e.g.* int, any, varchar), but if you want project-specific ones, you can add your own types inside the `type` folder. You can check what structure to follow by looking at the [built-in types](https://git.xdrm.io/go/aicra/src/master/internal/checker/default). Also it is not required that you use built-in types, you can ignore them by setting `types.default = false` in the _aicra.json_ configuration.
Each type must be **directly** inside the `type` folder. The package name is arbitrary and does not have to match the name (but it is better if it is explicit), because the `Match()` method already matches the name.
